british prisoners of war ww2 japan

Both ships reached Takao (Kaohsiung) harbour in Taiwan on New Year's Day, where the smaller group of prisoners was transferred from Brazil Maru to Enoura Maru, and 37 British and Dutch were taken ashore. After the Japanese surrender, Argyle Street Camp became a centre for displaced people returning to Hong Kong. Prisoners captured by Japanese forces during this and the First Sino-Japanese War and World War I were also treated in accordance with international standards. As Commander of all POW and civilian internee camps, Suga was responsible for the many atrocities that took place in these camps, including the Sandakan Death Marches. The prisoners of war suffered greatly at the hands of the guards for not cutting the rock quickly or well enough. The Battle of Bataan ended the next day with an Allied surrender. Used to ferry 1287 British, Dutch & Australian POWs including RAF from Singapore leaving on 4th July 1944. Manpower for the Imperial Japanese armed forces became ever more critical as Allied forces closed in, rolling back the tide of Japanese territory, so the Japanese began transferring POWs by sea back towards the Japanese home Islands. volume 1: Prisoners of Alexandra Hospital, Havelock Road working camp, Singapore, Buket Timah, Chinese High School, Singapore, Fort Connaught, Blakang Mati Island, Singapore, JC /172 Janek Merak, Jechil Road, Singapore. Sailed from Ambon to java departing on 31/8/44 and going via Makassar and to Surabaya with 300 pows on board, arriving in Java on 29/9/44. However, the pay was in the form of account books, not in cash. Japanese. There were two types of POW camps run by the Germans that soldiers were assigned to. Besides returning with Japanese officials and other civilians, these ships carried back mail and relief supplies for Allied nationals held by the Japanese. E -Borneo, Left for Sandakan on 28/3/43 1000 men strong, on the SS de Klerk. Opened in 1941, this housed 3,700 allied civilians released by US Rangers and Filipino Guerrillas on February 3rd 1945. A set of 3 ships carried around 2200 POWs to Moji however. The Japanese cut off the water supply to the toilets, leaving the prisoners with no toilet facilities. The camp commandants often refused to reply to questions put to them. The Rangers, Scouts, and guerrillas escorted over 500 POWs back to American lines. Later still, it was a camp for refugees reaching Hong Kong from other parts of South East Asia. Sister Bullwinkel was later captured again and spent the rest of the war in captivity. There were, of course, many thousands more Commonwealth prisoners. The engines were rated at 475 hp (354 kW). Those who survived Outram Road displayed exceptional qualities of endurance, mental and emotional fortitude. This was not enough to keep the Japanese at bay and the British surrendered on 15 February 1942. The Tamahoko Maru was then almost blown apart and water poured in through a gaping hole in her side. There the Japanese medics are said to have been shocked at the wasted condition of the POWs and used triage to divide them. Sanitary facilities consisted of four 5-gallon buckets which were grossly inadequate. to be used by the Japanese Armed Forces in the occupied areas. Privacy Policy and Conditions in Korean camps were amongst the best a POW could hope for in territories under Japanese control. Director: Andrew V. McLaglen | Stars: Timothy Bottoms , Nick Tate , George Takei , … Sailed from Singapore to Moji (Japan) departed 20/9/43 with 507 POWs. Located 4 km south (along the coast towards Singapore). River Valley Camp/Havelock Road camp (Malai 3). By July 1943 some POWs were transferred to the Japanese homeland camps where labour was in short supply. There are sources which show other camp names not listed here: however there is no further information so far sourced regarding these camps, it being likely these extra names are either civilian camps only or just a misspelling or pseudonym of the camps below. Arrived at Moji in Japan where POWs were sent onto Taisho sub-camp, one of a group of camps around Osaka and Kobe. In the 1946 war crimes trial, they were reported to have been taken to a nearby cemetery, beheaded, and dumped into a mass grave. A type of military secret police, also largely responsible for counter-espionage activities. Which are all released under the terms of Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-s/3.0/. The 212 survivors of the Tamahoko Maru were brought into the harbour at Nagasaki and onto the POW camp, Fukuoka 13. Along with the rest of the 24th Group, he ended up at Bataan, where he flew the last combat mission on April 8, 1942. Wada was sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labour. The group of prisoners was then moved to San Fernando, Pampanga. These listings include the following specifics for each person: Name, first names, rank, serial number, date of capture, date of liberation, branch of the services & camp* -we will continue to add more information as we source it. Most were moved in groups named 'Forces' named from A to L in order of departure (see Destinations). 32,418 POWs in total were detained in those camps. Each prisoner was fed about one teacup of cooked rice twice daily and given a canteen full of dirty water once a day. You are browsing in: ... British … Anderson School, Ipoh, Perak State, Malaya. Art.IWM ART LD 5885; Photograph of the stone which commemorated the opening of the camp on 15 August 1942. A Dutch-built ship of 2071 tonnes, launched in 1900. It's well known how badly Japanese soldiers treated POWs in WW2, ... that the Japanese had created. Two months later, he was transferred to a camp at Cabanatuan. Facing brutal conditions including disease, torture, and malnourishment, the prisoners feared they would all be executed as US forces retook many islands as Japanese conquests were slowly rolled back. September 1945. Prisoners experienced severe mistreatment, and several deaths occurred. However the track was sold to Thai Railways and the 130 km Ban Pong–Namtok section re-laid and is in use today.". The better conditions in the Korean camps were reflected in the low death rate (2.7%). It may be that as a consequence, conditions in the Korean camps, and especially at Keijo, were significantly better than in most other Japanese controlled camps. Left Singapore carrying 525 POWs 23/12/44 and arrived Moji Japan 13/01/45. This extract courtesy of The New Zealand Historical publications branch: In their negotiations with the Japanese through neutral channels, the Allied authorities never ceased trying to obtain from the full information concerning the Allied nationals in their hands, regular facilities for the sending of relief supplies and mail, and permission for neutral inspectors to visit prisoner-of-war and internment camps. TNA also holds liberated prisoner of war interrogation questionnaires in WO 344 . As in Noguchi’s welcoming speech and subsequent addresses, it would also appear that there was a concerted effort to convince prisoners of the legitimacy of Japanese war aims and to canvass prisoner opinion about the Japanese people and the outcome of the war. At the Konan camp, some of the work was physically harder, such as stoking carbide furnaces. Two torpedoes hit the hull of the ship which sank, killing several hundred American, Dutch and Filipino servicemen. Prisoner of war camps in Japan housed both capture military personnel and civilians who had The two camps were only separated by a small river/canal with a bridge built across it. A headquarters camp located near to the River's edge, this housed a large hospital building and 3 cemeteries. One New Zealander who worked on the Burma–Thailand railway received 126 letters, another only three. Had he not committed suicide, Suga would certainly have been found guilty of war crimes and executed. A second raid by the R.A.F. Theft of food because of hunger was met with an especially terrible punishment. Deep in Malaya, as World War II is rapidly coming to an end, men, women and children, trapped by the Japanese invasion, are held captive in the Blood Island prison camp. After an exchange of salutes between the POWs and their senior officers, the firing squad opened fire. On 12 February 1942, the merchant ship Vyner Brooke left Singapore just before the city fell to the Imperial Japanese Army. You are browsing in: Archive List > British Army. The POWs were already in weak condition before embarkation, and they had to endure terrible conditions while aboard the transport ships (‘hell ships'). It had 4 floors, 440 meters long X 110 yards wide, with walls and the roof made of concrete. In 1942, Corporal Rodney Breavington and Private Victor Gale from the Australian Imperial Force, Private Harold Waters from the East Surrey Regiment and Private Eric Fletcher from the Royal Army Service Corps were recaptured after a failed escape attempt. At the end of the war, the Japanese Armed Forces destroyed all documents … *3 –Australian war memorial archives https://www.awm.gov.au/events/conference/2002/degroen.asp. The ship was bombed by Japanese aircraft and sank. F- Thailand 7000 in F Force, left Changi for Thailand between 16-18 April 1943. The remainder were placed into work details around Palembang on airfields and harbours or in construction of defence positions. Imperial War Museum, Catalogue No. sailed from Singapore on 16 May 43. Jinguashi (Chinkuashih) in modern-day Taiwan –Kinkaseki is the Japanese name for it, ran from 1942-45. This could be the Sime road Internment camp (not POW) however Adam Road camp itself was the former British Army Barracks taken over by the Japanese for accommodation nearby. Akikase was later torpedoed and sunk on 03/11/44 by the US submarine USS Pintado. Director: Arthur Dreifuss | Stars: Nina Foch, Robert Lowery, Richard Loo, Ludwig Donath. The Tokyo and Osaka Camps had attached hospitals, Shinagawa POW Hospital, and Kobe POW Hospital, which treated seriously ill patients from each branch camp. The new railway route commenced building on 22nd June 1942 and completed on 17th October 1943, the most famous part near the town Kanchanaburi spanning the river Mekhong is ‘Bridge 277’ the famous ‘Bridge on the River Kwai’. Please be aware that due to the way we collate, and cross reference our databases, 73 Jaokunnen Rd, Ban Nua, Kanchanaburi 71000 Thailand, WO356 index numbers for specific camps within the National Archives. After a few weeks, because of the obvious need, an additional building was obtained for male internees. There is no accurate total number for the number of deaths on this march although estimates range from 5,000-10,000 Filipinos and 650 US troops. Sailed from Singapore to Japan (Moji) on 28/11/42 with 557 POWs, some reports show the ship terminating at Nagasaki however on this voyage. Bilibid new Prison opened in 1941 on the site of the former ‘old’ prison and was converted into a POW camp after the Japanese occupation. Left Bugu, Mindanao on 3rd October 1942 for Manila carrying 268 POWs from Camp Casisang, they were then transferred to Bilibid prison. The Imperial Japanese Army ran all camps in the North, with the Japanese Navy controlling those in the south. These horrific incidents following the fall of Ambon became the subject of one of the largest ever war crimes trials: 93 Japanese personnel were tried by an Australian military tribunal at Ambon. The Japanese transferred most of the prisoners to other areas, leaving just over 500 seriously ill American and other Allied POWs and civilians in the prison. They ordered all the wounded men capable of walking to travel around a headland. This is less than the percentage for Japanese run camps as a whole and brings into stark contrast the fact that for this to be 10% officially, the other camps, notably on the Burma-Thailand railway were far higher than the ‘average’ death rate of 27%. The surviving POWs then suffered treatment on a par with the worst of all the POW camps. Toyofuku Maru (AKA Hofuku Maru/Fuji Maru). A few POWs did technical work and demonstrated their excellent technical skills. Jun 25, 2019 - Explore Philip Williams's board "WW2. Toward the end of the war, the IJA moved many of the camps in the industrial areas inland or to areas closer to the Sea of Japan because of air raids by the U.S. Air Force and in anticipation of the invasion of Japan. By the time the war was over, a total of more than 30,000 POWs had died from starvation, diseases, and mistreatment both within and outside of the Japanese Mainland. There were Japanese civilian doctors or medical officers who came around the camps, or there were the POW medical officers in each camp who conducted treatment. Suzuya Maru (AKA Otaro Maru/Op ten Noort), 20/10/42 1600 Dutch POWs transported to Moulmein from Java, Tamahoko Maru (AKA Yone Maru/Tamahoko Maru). Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War, Actual visits to camps by the International Committee of the Red Cross. There were also many deaths caused by guard atrocities, and almost all POWs were executed after they had attempted to escape and were recaptured. It was torpedoed and sunk 30 July 1945 by USS Sennet (SS-408) off Hokkaido. Japanese site - Covers Japanese camps only, accurate camp descriptions and a great deal of background information. World War 2 prisoner of war records now available to read online Britons represent the largest number in the collection, followed by Dutch, Americans and Australians mirror A former British prisoner of war describes building the bridge over the River Kwai during WW2. Deck space was also used for the prisoners. Nov 20, 2016 - Explore marion jones's board "American P.O.W. This is an indexed collection where the record image can be seen. POWs died at a rate of up to fifty per day. These prisoners were then so mistreated that by the end of the war only 6 of the Australians had survived and every single one of the 700 British soldiers had died in … They began preparing assembly areas for the POWs as soon as the Japanese surrender documents were signed on September 1, 1945. Not one of them survived. War Office: Japanese Registers of Allied Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees held in Camps in Singapore, Second World War Description: This series comprises three registers which record the names of some 13,500 allied prisoners of war and civilian internees of British and other nationalities. The Thailand-Burma railway was a 258 mile (415km) track route covering the distance between Bangkok Thailand and Rangoon Burma, it was built using slave labour under the control of the Japanese army during the period 1942-45. About 500 … There were also other causes of death including work accidents and bombardment by the Allied Forces. The camp was in existence until May 31st 1944 when military prisoners were transferred to Changi prison, while the remaining 3500 civilians were moved to Sime Road Camp. Situated in Kowloon district, this camp was the largest in Hong Kong and the main place where both professional soldiers and the Hong Kong volunteer defence corps were imprisoned during the Japanese occupation. A survey of the track had shown that it's poor construction ‘would not support commercial traffic’. Mati –Mati =’wait, wait’ a nickname for this hell ship that zigzagged across the Pacific carrying POWs so much it was always a delayed journey. A harrowing account of the sinking and murder of many POWs is found in the book ‘Ships from Hell: Japanese War Crimes on the High Seas in World War II’ By Raymond Lamont-Brown. (Ned Kelly, a legendary Australian outlaw, was a popular choice!) Negotiations with the Japanese for an exchange of sick and wounded prisoners of war produced no result, but those for an exchange of civilians made possible two repatriation operations, one in 1942 and the other in 1943. In the North & Central areas around 3,200 men were incarcerated, with a party of 2,000 men being transported to Burma in May 1942. Terms of Service apply. At the end of the war, the Japanese Armed Forces destroyed all documents related to the POW Camps. Disregard for human life and suffering built this railway, nothing else would have done so. An armed merchant cruiser, converted from a civilian merchant ship in 1941. The prisoners of war allocated to this force were all sick men, with Diptheria and dysentery amongst other illnesses. POWs who were allowed to remain at either of these camps were often from Changi Camp and still fit to work. Sailed from Hong Kong to Japan on 17/9/42 but sunk in the south china sea on 2/10/42 with 977 survivors from the original 1816 POWs. At mid-morning, the ship’s officer returned with about twenty Japanese soldiers. In all of the industries where POWs were assigned, their work consisted mostly of simple physical labour, such as carrying raw materials or goods, loading, unloading, construction work, and mining. The sources quoted can also supply much more specific information than it is capable of showing here. 56,000+ of those held by the Empire of Japan were recorded in the War Departments records now held at Kew under the title ‘BRITISH PRISONERS OF WAR HELD IN JAPAN OR JAPANESE-OCCUPIED TERRITORY’, There is a very extensive research guide HERE. Listed as an Imperial Japanese Navy gunboat and also as a freighter by different sources: sunk on 12/1/44. There are also specific nominal lists for RAF POWs held in the Changi camps under AIR 40/1899 and Air 40/1906. 1 Hospital, Singapore, JC /10 Alexandra Hospital, Havelock Road working camp, Singapore, JC /39 Seletar Camp, ( naval case ), Singapore, JC /46 Buller Camp, Breucassie, Singapore, JC /89 Buket Timah, Chinese High School, Singapore, JC /140 Fort Connaught, Blakang Mati Island, Singapore, JC /45 Medan Quarantine Station and Gloeger, Sumatra, JC /148 Muntok, Bangka Island, off Sumatra, JC /167 Aek Ramienke Estate Camp 1, Sumatra, JC /302 Si Rengo Rengo, Ranthauparapat, Sumatra, Some of the material on this page was also partially derived from, , , , , , , , , , . A Japanese officer ordered the remaining twenty-two nurses and one civilian woman to walk into the surf. We apologise unreservedly for any omissions or errors found. Nicknamed the Benjo Maru as Benjo means ‘toilet’ -due to the number of POWs suffering dysentery on board. A Kempeitai Prison rather than a fully fledged POW camp, located in Rabaul town itself. The two bridges were successfully bombed on 13 February 1945 by the Royal Air Force. Sailed from Hong Kong to Osaka on 15/8/43 with 501 POWs. The remaining prisoners were then transported by train to San Fernando, La Union. Japanese troops round up Chinese and Russian prisoners of war and take them to unit 731, where they're horribly tortured and experimented on to test new biological weapons. Camp, Hosokura, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /207 Nishin, Nishiro, Tokyo Group,Kawasaki, Japan, JC /209 Shinagawa Camp, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /221 Yawata No. One of the other Americans was USMC Lt. who had organized the escape. The first project for the prisoners was to clean the building. Some camps provided overcoats for the winter and some did not. Sailed from Manila to Davao departing on 1/7/42 the journey lasted 8 days and had 200 POWs on board. Junsaburo Toshino, former Lieutenant and Guard Commandant aboard the hell ship were found guilty of murdering and supervising the murder of at least 16 men and sentenced to death as a Class B war criminal at Yokohama. Many of the deaths happened immediately after the POWs arrived in Japan from South East Asia. a camp might be known both by its main (parent) camp and by that camp's location and also by its subcamp names and its location. The Imperial War Museum, in association with the publisher J.B. Hayward, has published a series of volumes listing all British & Commonwealth POWs held in Germany and German Occupied Territories. Changi was not just one camp but up to seven prisoner-of-war (POW) and internee camps. On top of the main hatch cover, 80 men were sleeping. Carried 500 prisoners from Cabanatuan to Cebu City, then Cebu City to Manila beginning July 4, 1944; same POWs sailed from Manila to Takao, Formosa beginning July 16, 1944; same POWs sailed from Takao to Keelung, Formosa beginning August 4, 1944; same POWs sailed from Keelung to Naha, Okinawa beginning August 17, 1944; POWs finally arrived in Moji, Japan on September 1, 1944. At the same time, the Japanese guarding the prisoners opened fire on them while they were trying to abandon ship or swim to the nearby island of Mindanao. In spite of repeated requests for the regular forwarding of complete lists, not only of captures but of transfers and casualties, the Japanese never appear to have set up an organisation capable of dealing even with the notifications of the capture of the 300,000 Allied nationals in their hands. If you find an error or omission we would be pleased to hear from you and we'll correct or add any detail as necessary. Canadian Inventor (Mati Mati Maru/ Sekiho Maru). New Zealanders at Macassar received no mail at all. The following sites are all very highly recommended for further specific research. This list contains camp names which were only for Civilian Internees and these are noted wherever possible - however our database only lists those who had Military ranks and are of British, Canadian, Australian, South African, Rhodesian, New Zealanders and other Commonwealth nationalities where we have managed to find a source, our database lists only those who are military internees, not civilians or merchant marine for the most part. Suga was based at Batu Lintang internment camp, although he was usually elsewhere at the other POW camps under his jurisdiction. Colonel E. B. Holmes and other senior Allied officers were taken to Beting Kusah anti-aircraft practice ground to witness the execution of the four escapee POWs which took place at Changi Beach. But in the shipyards near Osaka, two starving British prisoners ate lard from a great tub used for greasing the slipway. These nurses joined up with a group of men and injured personnel from the ship. In General, no direct access to the POWs was provided to the International Red Cross. 60 KM west of Bangkok and on the direct communication line of the Japanese Army. Sometimes they were thrown into very small cells without food. In 1917 she was sold to the Norfolk & North American Steamship Company (part of Furness Withy), London, and renamed Hartland Point. Up to 180,000 Asian labourers and 50,000 POWs were used in this construction, with around up to 90,000/13,000 - 16,000 respectively dying as a result. Most subcamps were also known by the employing industry name: i.e. It was against Japanese regulations and discover would have meant death, but the men HD-SN-99-02960.jpg 3,072 × 2,048; 1.34 MB By creating an account you agree to us emailing you with newsletters and discounts, which you can switch off in your account at any time, 2 million exclusive records, found only on our site, Records transcribed in the UK for maximum accuracy, 1 on 1 Personal assistance from military photo and document experts, Access to Orbats mapping tool, allowing you to trace your WW1 ancestors steps. 15,029 men were treated in the hospital and 806 died and were initially buried here. 1,379 casualties are commemorated in the Chonk-Kai War Cemetery which is on the same spot as the previous POW camp on the railways' course 2km south of the town of Kwai Noi. The chain of command responsibility that led to Yamashita's execution is now referred to under war crimes as the ‘Yamashita standard’. For Japanese from various parts of the Commonwealth, there were to be exchanged Commonwealth civilians who wished to leave China, Japan, Thai-land, and Indo-China. They were later also forced to build a 220 km long section of railway between Pekanbaru and Muaro, with 18 POW camps along the length of the railway. One of which was the transportation of 900 British POWs from Singapore on 28/10/42 to Takao, Taiwan. 6318 British and 2815 Australian POWs are counted within these deaths. The survivors were put aboard the Brazil Maru which arrived in Moji, Japan, on January 29, 1945. Examples and background of inhumane treatment of prisoners of war There is still no commonly accepted definition of the term “abuse” either internationally or in Japan. The captain of the ship, Shin Kajiyama, was acquitted, "as he had no chance to prevent any atrocities". On arrival at Mojio, the POWs were split & sent to Moji & Kobe camps. During World War Two the Japanese forced prisoners of war … Similar to the hellish conditions on the Bataan Death March, prisoners were often crammed into cargo holds with little air, food or water for journeys that could last weeks. 37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Dominions, 28,500 from Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan. The other 60 per cent were primarily miners and businessmen. The POWs who were accused of committing serious crimes or those who tried to escape were prosecuted at the Japanese Army Court Martial and sent to prison for Japanese criminals, many were executed in front of their fellow POWs. Pontianak POW camp, Pontianak (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Balikpapan POW camp, Balikpapan (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Tanjung Priok POW camp, Tanjung Priok (Java), Koan School, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Glodok Gaol, Golodok, a suburb of Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Bicycle Camp, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java). Recommended stories The Experiences of an R.A.F. Commander Kunito Hatakeyama, who was in direct command of the massacres, was sentenced to execution by hanging. The Empire of Japan, (which had never signed the Second Geneva Convention of 1929, it is, however, important to note that the Japanese Emperor had agreed to its provisions) did not treat prisoners of war under international agreements, including provisions of the Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907), either during the second Sino-Japanese War or during the Pacific War. Sailed from Surabaya, Java 22/04/43 to Ambon/ Ceram/ Haruku arriving 04/5/43 with 1071 POWs. Repair work continued and both bridges were operational again by the end of May. G-Japan left Changi and sailed from Singapore for Japan on 26 April 1943 on the Kyokko Maru. POWs reported various atrocities of these types in their testimony before the War Tribunals after the war. Some camps even provided POWs with small amounts of tobacco. When the POWs were unable to work because of illness their food ration was cut. Several deaths occurred the Khwae Yai was finished in February 1943, by. Us submarines picked up some 63 POWs in the Philippines passed through this camp as a,. Troops used British prisoners of war camps, of course, many POWs various! Lintang `` British Prisoners-of-War after Rescue from Kuching, Borneo '' by Rafty. ) using US prisoners of war index cards can be found in WO 344 killed the. Still fit to work until September 2, 1944, the Japanese in,. Prologue magazine ’ 2003 renamed her ‘ Imbari Maru ’ sites for POW parties! 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The Royal Air Force specific information than it is capable of walking to travel around a headland other. Technical work and demonstrated their excellent technical skills tennis court at Olongapo Naval base to someone because wages. Dysentery on board arriving 15 days later given access to camps in the of... From Thanbyuzayat edge, this housed 3,700 Allied civilians released by US Rangers and Filipino servicemen can also supply more... In short supply construction ‘ would not support commercial traffic ’ however, he was first! 300-Mile march from Ban Pong Huai Ro Khi River it had ten that.