Other tests, such as dissolved gas, normally require a sample to be sent to a laboratory. Mineral oils are suitable from the point of electrical properties but tend to form sludge. The oil can be cloudy, containingRead More Testing of transformer oil is mandatory in yearly once for its maintenance. Transformer oil (also known as insulating oil) is a special oil with good electrical insulation properties and is stable at high temperatures. As transformers get larger than around 1 MVA and above 33kV it becomes more challenging to achieve a hermetically sealed design (due to thermal expansion and contraction). It must therefore have high dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, and chemical stability, and must keep these properties when held at high temperatures for extended periods. Its testing is very important because of the following reasons. The root mean square value of the test voltage is measured at the very instant of the breakdown and is reported as the breakdown voltage. The treated transformer oil is fully restored, meeting the required standards, without any detectable PCB content. act as a coolant). Its reliability sets it apart from competing products, and its various properties demonstrate why MIDEL 7131 is a better option than mineral oil. Since ExxonMobil first developed a transformer oil in 1893, Univolt products have continued to redefine the industry standard. The products of oxidation are soluble within the oil. This oil absorbs the moisture within nature very quickly. Synthetic transformer oil like chlorinated di-phenyl has excellent properties like chemical stability, non-oxidizing, good dielectric strength, moisture repellent, reduced risk due fire and explosion. Power transformers undergo prolonged drying processes, using electrical self-heating, the application of a vacuum, or both to ensure that the transformer is completely free of water vapor before the insulating oil is introduced. So this kind of oil acts as a coolant protects the windings and core of the transformer because these two are submerged within the oil. Knowing is half the battle, of course, so let’s dive in and talk about what this oil does and how it’s made and graded. In addition there is contamination caused by chemical interactions with windings and other solid insulation, catalyzed by high operating temperature. The oil used in the transformer works like a cooling agent & an insulator. study of transformer oil properties. Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. EDF Energy is part of the wider EDF group which is based in France, so they have a very good research and development department. An Insulating Oil must have the following properties: 1) Excellent dielectric properties resulting in … Always remove oil with soap and water or skin cleaning agent, never use organic solvents. [9] In many countries significant programs are in place to reclaim and safely destroy PCB contaminated equipment. The resulting breakdown voltage is calculated as mean value of the individual measurements. Transformer Oil is having extremely good insulating properties, good degeneration stability, low votality and resistance to … In chapter three and four, an extended discussion on the transformer oil properties is made, taking into consideration the eleven most important ones. As compared with other oil, this is more readily corroded. The electrical properties of transformer oil mainly include dielectric strength, specific resistance, and dissipation factor of dielectric for tan delta. McShane C.P. When burned, they form even more toxic products, such as chlorinated dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans. So these materials must maintain the voltage equal to its dielectric strength. Transformer Oil is an Oil which remains safe at high temperature. PROPERTIES OF TRANSFORMER OIL Transformer Oil forms a very significant part of the transformer insulation system and has the important functions of acting as an electrical insulation as well as coolant to dissipate heat losses. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona discharge and arcing, and to serve as a coolant. [8] Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were formerly used as transformer oil, since they have high dielectric strength and are not flammable. OQIN = IFT 1500=45.0(typical new oil) NN 0.03(typical new oil) TRANSFORMER OIL CLASSIFICATIONS* 1. 2780 Waterfront Pkwy. Insulating Oils or Transformer Oils are mineral electrical insulating oils processed from fractional distillation and treatment of crude petroleum. Transformer oil testing from SGS – determine transformer oil properties and identify issues, fast. The mineral-based oil like transformer oil is frequently used in different types of transformers for its dielectric strength as well as electrical properties. The oil is very important to the reliability of the transformer, particularly its long-term reliability. Do not use oil-contaminated clothing or shoes, and do not put rags moistened with oil into pockets. Sometimes stability against oxidation is referred to as a separate category. Transformer Oil will be obtained by fractional distillation and subsequent treatment of crude oil. E. Dr. Indianapolis, IN 46214 Their results demonstrated that the nanofluids containing 0.001 and 0.01 mass percentage of nanoparticles display Newtonian behavior in various temperatures. The primary function of this is as a coolant. The pour point of this oil is high as compared with the naphthenic type due to high wax content. 0093-9994/01, 2001 IEEE. This forms PCB-free transformer oil and a PCB-free sludge. Thus, this is all about an overview of transformer oil which includes its functions, why it is important, different types, properties, testing, and factors to test. The chemical properties of transformer oil mainly include acidity, water content, etc The physical properties of transformer oil mainly include pouring point, flash point, and viscosity. Insulating oil. "The Environmental technology verification program", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, VS-R-02-02, June 2002. Properties of good transformer oil are explained in this article. In the vessel, two standard-compliant test electrodes with a typical clearance of 2.5 mm are surrounded by the insulating oil. PCB removal systems use an alkali dispersion to strip the chlorine atoms from the other molecules in a chemical reaction. This is the reason it is used as an insulator within the transformer. (2001) Relative properties of the new combustion-resistant vegetable oil-based dielectric coolants for distribution and power transformers. The designing of transformer coils can be done with copper that carries high current so that these coils will become hot. Transformer oil. used in the machine, protect the machine parts from rust and corrosion, The transformer quality can be performed through the following tests. Always remove oil with soap and water or skin cleaning agent, never use organic solvents. The oil dielectric strength will get deteriorated by the absorption of the dampness. It is a highly refined mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. knowledge, emphasize those properties that are functionally important to transformer oils: Aniline Point (D611) The aniline point is the temperature at which a mixture of aniline and oil separates. Typical specifications are: flash point 140 °C or greater, pour point −40 °C or lower, dielectric breakdown voltage 28 kV (RMS) or greater. For this reason, transformer oil must have some properties like thermal conductivity, very high dielectric strength and chemical stability. It can, thus, be used as the insulating fluid in transformers again. The pour point of this oil is low as compared with the paraffinic type due to less wax content. It makes a suitable stage of insulation along with the insulating materials which are used in the coils as well as conductors. Transformer Oil is used for insulation and cooling of transformer. These oils include aromatic compounds at relatively fewer temperatures like -40°C. 7.2. Ultra fast switch off is crucial, as the energy that is brought into the oil and is burning it during the breakdown, must be limited to keep the additional pollution by carbonisation as low as possible. Transformer oils are subject to electrical and mechanical stresses while a transformer is in operation. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transformer_oil&oldid=997985708, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016, Articles needing additional references from January 2015, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Transformers are well equipped to keep water outside the oil for this reason. Good Oils NN 0.00 - 0.10 IFT 30.0 - … Definition: The transformer oil can be defined as a special kind of oil that has outstanding electrical insulating properties. Mineral oils are still widely used in the industry. Beheshti et al. These include the chemical and causes of the specific physical properties of the test oils. Over time, the oil will degrade resulting in the potential for faults and costly repairs. Protection from stream of transformer oil implies obstacle of convection course of oil inside the transformer. The sludge can be disposed as regular non-PCB industrial waste. The function of transformer oil is used for cooling and insulation purposes. The performance properties of transformer oil depend heavily on the quality and parameters of the raw material. The original chemical properties of transformer oil change gradually, rendering it ineffective for its intended purpose after many years. Better insulation values will be there between windings due to high resistivity. Transformer oil is a liquid that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. Even though the naphthenic type is more readily corroded as compared with paraffinic however the oxidation products are soluble within the oil that results in a decrease of problem. Pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid natural and synthetic esters have emerged as an increasingly common mineral oil alternative, especially in high-fire-risk applications such as indoors due to their high fire point, which can be over 300 Â°C. - Structure & Tuning Methods. IEEE Guide for loading mineral-oil-immersed transformers, IEEE Standard C57.91-1995, 1996. Suggested intervals for these test are: Some transformer oil tests can be carried out in the field, using portable test apparatus. Chemical composition of oil is quite complex. IEEE Trans. What is the Difference between 8051, PIC, AVR and ARM? [12] Oil in large transformers and electrical apparatus is periodically tested for its electrical and chemical properties, to make sure it is suitable for further use. The oil can be cloudy, containingRead More Immediately after ignition of the arc, the test voltage is switched off automatically. For instance, under present regulations, concentrations of PCBs exceeding 5 parts per million can cause an oil to be classified as hazardous waste in California.[11]. Mineral oil is also an environmental contaminant, and its insulating properties are rapidly degraded by even small amounts of water. In chapter three and four, an extended discussion on the transformer oil properties is made, taking into consideration the eleven most important ones. Transformers without conservators are usually equipped with sudden pressure relays, which perform a similar function as the Buchholz relay. This oil in your transformer acts as an insulator and a cooling agent. Do not use oil-contaminated clothing or shoes, and do not put rags moistened with oil into pockets. Transformer oil (also known as insulating oil) is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures. To determine the insulating property of the dielectric oil, an oil sample is taken from the device under test, and its breakdown voltage is measured on-site according to the following test sequence: California Code of Regulations, Title 22, section 66261, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Siemens has produced the world's first large-scale transformer that uses vegetable oil", "Coconut Oil As An Alternative To Transformer Oil", "Properties Of Transformer Oil | HERING VPT", "PCB-RS Series – PCB Removal System | HERING VPT: The standard in oil purification and transformer drying technology", "Classification and Handling of PCB Waste", "Transformer Oil Detoriation - Why is transformer oil purification essential? Transformer oil is a mineral based oil that is commonly used in transformers for its chemical properties and dielectric strength. Properties behind eff ective Transformer Oil Cooling 1 S11 Hendrik Cosemans, General Manager Nynas Dubai As a Belgian national, where 3 offi cial languages are part of the national struc-ture, Hendrik is adding English and Spanish to his language portfolio. During the test, a test voltage is applied to the electrodes. It is a highly refined mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. Silicone or fluorocarbon-based oils, which are even less flammable, are also used, but they are more expensive than esters, and less biodegradable. Whereas pour point is the temperature level where transformer oil initiates to flow at a basic test situation. For instance, in the USA, production of PCBs was banned in 1979 under the Toxic Substances Control Act. Power transformers with capacities of thousands of kVA may also have cooling fans, oil pumps, and even oil-to-water heat exchangers.[3]. 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Transformer oil's primary functions are to insulate and cool a transformer. In few words, the viscosity of transformer oil can be said that viscosity is the obstruction of stream, in typical condition. It is therefore necessary to check the quality of the oil periodically and take corrective steps to avoid major break downs in the transformer. Pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid natural and synthetic esters are more expensive than mineral oil. What are Ferromagnetic Materials – Types & Their Applications. So, the transformer oil primary functions are cooling and insulating the transformer. Properties behind eff ective Transformer Oil Cooling 1 S11 Hendrik Cosemans, General Manager Nynas Dubai As a Belgian national, where 3 offi cial languages are part of the national struc-ture, Hendrik is adding English and Spanish to his language portfolio. Color. It also works as a coolant for removing the heat from the windings & core. The performance of the oil is defined by the positive and negative properties of the crude oil. Unfortunately, they are also toxic, bioaccumulative, not at all biodegradable, and difficult to dispose of safely. The next generation of Univolt transformer oils is formulated to improve performance and extend transformer life. It determines important electrical properties, Recognizes if particular oil is appropriate for future use, Notice whether filtration/ regeneration is required, Power loss is less due to excellent dielectric properties. [4] They are readily biodegradable. The main physical and chemical properties tested in Transformer Oil Testing Methods are the oil’s dielectric strength, dissipation factor, flashpoint, color, amount of solid particulate matter, water content, gas content and the oil’s acid number. Besides, few researches focused on the rheology of hybrid carbon-based nanofluids. So the oil in the transformer plays a key role in preventing the coil from burning. Typical motor oil that most people think of, is not the type of oil in a transformer. Sometimes oil condition can be improved by filtration and treatment. Good Oils NN 0.00 - 0.10 IFT 30.0 - 45.0 Transformer Oil and its Properties Transformer Insulating Oil Characteristics. OQIN = IFT 1500=45.0(typical new oil) NN 0.03(typical new oil) TRANSFORMER OIL CLASSIFICATIONS* 1. The above tests will determine the condition of the oil in the transformer. Transformer oil keeps the transformer cool. The oil’s minor components however, which constitute less than 1% of the oil, have the greatest impact on the oil’s operating properties and performance capabilities The Oxidation Process is the most common cause of oil decay. The physical properties include: weight, viscosity, flash point; electric properties include breakdown voltage and dielectric loss tangent. Mineral oil is generally effective as a transformer oil, but it has some disadvantages, one of which is its relatively low flashpoint versus some alternatives. It is also known as insulating oil. 1132–1139, No. Early testing will set up a bottom line for contrast & yearly testing will design any changes inside the transformer. Oil also dissolves gases generated by oil degradation, moisture and gas from cellulose insulation, deterioration, and gases and moisture from exposure to … Researchers are experimenting with vegetable-based formulations, using coconut oil for instance. Transformer oil keeps the transformer cool. Historically, naphthenic oils have provided generally acceptable properties as transformer oils. Fire codes often require that transformers inside buildings use a less flammable liquid, or the use of dry-type transformers with no liquid at all. Transformers require special design change to operate with Pentaerythritol tetra fatty acid natural and synthetic esters. study of transformer oil properties. Less and nonflammable liquid-insulated transformers, approval standard class Number 3990, Factory Mutual Research Corporation, 1997. Oil provides insulation, provides cooling, and helps extinguish arcs. Transformer oil serves as a heat dissipater for heating parts of the transformer and as insulator of energized components. It works as an insulator. Color. Polychlorinated biphenyls are a man-made substance first synthesized over a century ago and found to have desirable properties that led to their widespread use. Transformer Oil The ultra low sulphur and wax free Naphthenic Oils/Paraffinic oils along with low Viscosity Index ensure excellent cooling characteristics, high solvency and low corrosivity. Depending on the origin of the crude base stock oil, it will contain different properties. Transformer oil consists mostly of hydrocarbons (more than 99%), a mix that is similar to conventional diesel. 7.2. For quantitative evaluation of transformer oil color it is viewed in through light, then compared to digital standards. Electronic on-line dissolved gas detectors can be connected to important or distressed transformers to continually monitor gas generation trends. Advice on general occupational hygiene Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Transformer oil is most often based on mineral oil, but alternative formulations with better engineering or environmental properties are growing in popularity. Transformer oils perform at least four functions for the transformer. It is an excellent heat conductor, so by using this, the temperature of the copper coils can be reduced. Typical motor oil that most people think of, is not the type of oil in a transformer. 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While doing a test, paraffin oil remains the most commonly used type of oil the... For the transformer is a key element to check the physical properties:! Oil-Based dielectric coolants for distribution and power transformers performance and extend transformer life some electrical equipment to.... Devices detect the buildup of gas inside the transformer to their widespread use oil filled transformers with a slew... A typical clearance of 2.5 mm are surrounded by the insulating materials which are used in transformer... Cold climates or for voltages over 230 kV efficiently, the transformer oil consists mostly of hydrocarbons ( than..., 1997 distressed transformers to continually monitor gas generation trends least four functions for the transformer oil is mandatory yearly. Myers Index Number ( MIN ) cooling agent crudes generates an unsolvable sludge to increase the of... I and type II mineral insulating oil is low as compared with the insulating materials which are used the... A coolant CLASSIFICATIONS * 1 will determine the condition of the transformer works like a cooling agent an! In this article and found to have desirable properties that led to their widespread use be sent to a.... That has outstanding electrical insulating properties page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 05:33 and basics... Despite the apparent superiority of naphtha-based oil, for example has a OQIN of.! That is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating oils or oils... Dielectric for tan delta, particularly its long-term reliability steps to avoid major downs... Alternative formulations with better engineering or environmental properties are rapidly degraded by even small amounts water. Acceptable properties as transformer oils fully meet ASTM D3487 specifications for type I and type II mineral oil! Even more toxic products, such as paper, winding, etc without any PCB. That led to their widespread use provides insulation, catalyzed by high operating temperature some electrical equipment:! Leaks mineral oil that has outstanding electrical insulating properties gas inside the transformer oil *! Specific physical properties of transformer oil is defined by the insulating oil in a transformer and overheating basic situation... Have provided generally acceptable properties as transformer oils are still widely used in coils. Fewer temperatures like -40°C so by using this, the transformer, and to serve as a heat for!, maintain insulating properties raw material oils have provided generally acceptable properties as transformer oils a high voltage test! Oils or transformer oils perform at least four functions for the transformer special with. ( Buchholz relay works as a coolant for removing the heat from the windings core! New combustion-resistant vegetable oil-based dielectric coolants for distribution and power transformers above tests will determine the condition the. And costly repairs stream, in the potential for faults and costly repairs using test! Expensive than mineral oil that has outstanding electrical insulating oils or transformer oils are subject to electrical and mechanical while... Helps extinguish arcs is as a heat dissipater for heating parts of the material such dissolved. Not at all biodegradable, and do not use oil-contaminated clothing or shoes, to. Is very important because of the copper coils can be connected to important or distressed transformers continually. The products of oxidation are soluble within the oil in your transformer acts as an insulator and a sludge... Improve performance and extend transformer life with better engineering or environmental properties growing! Is very important because of the material such as paper, winding, etc there is caused! Kinds of materials available which have dissimilar dielectric strength and chemical stability substance first synthesized over century... Hygiene do not use oil-contaminated clothing or shoes, and to serve as a heat dissipater for heating parts the! Chemical stability to a collapse of the oil is approximately 425 °C electrical properties of transformer oil mandatory...