In 2007 they were sighted as far south as North Stamford in the extreme southwest corner of the state (they have also been seen increasingly in Rhode Island.Fact|date=December 2007* Striped skunk ("Mephitis mephitis") — common in the state and in various habitatsCats (Order "Carnivora", Family "Felidae")* Bobcat ("Felis rufus") — They favor thickets and patchy woods in the least-developed areas of the state, especially in the northwest highlands of Connecticut; they normally are scarce where coyotes are more prevalent. Anecdotal evidence suggested the population at that time was growing., DEP officials said. Even before Connecticut was settled by Europeans, the moose population was never large, according to the DEP. From 1989 to 1991, they were reintroduced from New Hampshire and by 2004 were established in northern Connecticut. Moles (Order "Lipotyphla", Family "Talpidae"):* Eastern Mole ("Scalopus aquaticus") — common in the state; usually found in fields, lawns and wooded areas that aren't too wet; much less prevalent in higher elevations in the northern parts of the state* Star-nosed Mole ("Condylura cristata") — common in wet or moist soils near water, less common in upland areas that are moist; apparently active at ground level during the night (when wildlife expert Geoffrey A. Hammerson found 583 samples of food items in a sample of barn owl pellets in central Connecticut, 24 of them were star-nosed moles; none were eastern moles)* Hairy-tailed Mole ("Parascalops breweri") — somewhat common in well-drained areas in northwestern part of the stateBats"):The state has eight species of bats and at least one may now be extinct in the state.Because some bats have rabies, the state Department of Environmental Protection advises on its Web site: :"If a bat has bitten or scratched a person or a pet, or is found in a situation where exposure cannot be ruled out, contact the DEP Wildlife Division at (860) 424-3011 or DEP Emergency Dispatch at (860) 424-3333 for advice. [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=325968&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Black Bear> at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] Since then sightings have increased dramatically. [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=325992&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Coyotes" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] The state Department of Environmental Protection estimates there are 2,000 to 4,000 in the state as of 2007. Population density is normally no more than one fisher per several hundred acres. One Massachusetts environmental official estimated there were about 1000 moose in Massachusetts. [ [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=326044&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Moose" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] The greatest danger to people from mooses is car collisions. Some once-abundant species in the area were completely absent as of late 2007, according to an Audubon official.MooseMoose ("Alces alces") — have become more prevalent in Connecticut in recent years, with the first documented reproduction (a female and two calves) found in 2000, and an estimated 100 in the state as of 2007. Even before Connecticut was settled by Europeans, the moose population was never large, according to the DEP. [ [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=325974&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Bobcat" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] A rabid bobcat attacked a man in Plainville, Connecticut in 2003, but the incident is regarded as a rare, freak occurrence. Another possible reason for the decline of this species could be the loss of areas with suitable ground cover, which protects the animals from predators. The state DEP encourages bear reports on its Web site. The DEP asks people who see bears in Connecticut to do the following:**"Enjoy it from a distance. * Snowshoe hare ("Lepus americanus"; subspecies: "Lepus canadensis") — common in the northern part of the state, usually where there are dense thickets; the population in Connecticut doesn't soar cyclically, as the species does farther northRodents")* Groundhog also known as Woodchuck or Whistle Pig ("Marmota monax") — scarce when Europeans first came to North America, but they have thrived since then. Hammonasset Beach State Park has many of them; in the early evening, 30 to 40 can be found along the entrance road. [Parry, Wynne, "More coyotes may be on the prowl in the area", "The Advocate" of Stamford, Connecticut, November 23, 2007, pp 1, A4 Norwalk edition] * Gray wolf ("Canis lupus") — extirpated in Connecticut in the nineteenth century; deliberately killed by early settlers, but the population also was hurt by the reduction of its food supply (largely deer); some taxonomists say the wolf that used to inhabit Connecticut was actually the eastern Canadian wolf ("Canis lycaon")* Red fox ("Vulpes vulpes") — a native species to New England, but it probably interbred with red foxes introduced from Europe; the hybrid is now thought to be the only type in Connecticut; [ [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=326072&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Red Fox" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] tends to be absent where coyotes are regularly present; prefers habitats with a mixture of fields and forest edges* Gray fox ("Urocyon cinereoargenteus") — fairly common, but less so than the Red fox; it tends to inhabit denser forests than the Red fox; the population has been growing for the past century with reforestation in the state the main cause; in the Connecticut, the normal home range for a fox is about two to four square miles, but abundance or lack of food supplies can change that [ [ ] Web page titled "Gray Fox" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] Bears (Order "Carnivora", Family "Ursidae")* Black bear ("Ursus americanus") — rare in most of the state, but fairly common in Litchfield and Hartford counties in the northwestern and north central parts of the state; bears have expanded from their core habitat in the state's northwestern hills; in 2002 the population was probably above 100 and growing, Geoffrey Hammerson wrote in "Connecticut Wildlife: Biodiversity, Natural History, and Conservation", but state wildlife biologists for the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection estimated in 2008 that there were more than 300 in the state, with the population growing by about 15 to 20 percent a year. * Gray Seal ("Halichoerus grypus") — occasionally seen in Long Island Sound but usually lives farther northee also* Fauna of Connecticut* List of Connecticut birds* Flora of Connecticut* Long Island Sound for an extensive list of various species* List of Massachusetts mammals* List of mammals in North America* Mammals of New England* List of mammals* List of regional mammals listsNotesExternal links* [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=325726&depNav_GID=1655&depNav=| Wildlife Web pages at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site], Cats (Order "Carnivora", Family "Felidae"), * Bobcat ("Felis rufus") — They favor thickets and patchy woods in the least-developed areas of the state, especially in the northwest highlands of Connecticut; they normally are scarce where coyotes are more prevalent. Local police are authorized to kill the animals if they pose a threat to public safety, which in practice almost only means that the animal is getting too close to a highway. DEP annual bear surveys began in 2001. This list of taxa is complete, but the guide is subject to constant revision and polish. * Lyme disease:Culling the deer population in Groton, Connecticut by about 90 percent reduced the incidence of new Lyme disease cases in town from about 20 a year to two or three a year. "**"Advertise your presence by shouting and waving your arms or walk slowly away. [ ] Web page titled "White-tailed Deer" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] By the 1970s, the total state population was about 20,000, and up to 76,000 (a low estimate) in 2000.Fairfield County has the highest deer density in the state. in 2007 it received 2,000. There is no hunting season for bears in the state. The state DEP encourages bear reports on its Web site. in 2007 it received 2,000. ""'Whales (Order "Cetacea", Family "Delphinidae")* Long-finned pilot whale ("Globicephala melas") — occasionally enters Long Island Sound; it rarely washes up on the shore in Connecticut. It is unknown whether or not the burgeoning coyote population has resulted in a decline in bobcats, however. Deer were nearly eliminated from the state by the end of the nineteenth century, with fewer than 20 in all of Connecticut, although they were on the rebound by that point, in part due to state regulations to protect them. * New England Cottontail ("Sylvilagus transitionalis") — native but now relatively uncommon since in most places the Eastern cottontail has replaced it; it appears to be more common in the west-central and southeastern parts of the state; generally found in shrubby wetlands and forests with dense plant life near the ground. * Lyme disease:Culling the deer population in Groton, Connecticut by about 90 percent reduced the incidence of new Lyme disease cases in town from about 20 a year to two or three a year. d or invasive) found in the U.S. state of Connecticut now or in the past, but not domesticated or farm animals.. ")Connecticut has several problems associated with its large deer population:* Motor vehicle accidents: State Farm Insurance estimates that more than 10,000 deer in Connecticut are hit by cars each year.Schweber, Nate, "Car Hits Deer. [ ] Web page titled "White-tailed Deer" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] By the 1970s, the total state population was about 20,000, and up to 76,000 (a low estimate) in 2000.Fairfield County has the highest deer density in the state. In Massachusetts, three or four moose are hit by trains each year and about 15 motor vehicle collisions with the animals occur, although in some years there have been as many as 50. On October 4, 2007 a 700-pound bull moose was shot and killed by town of Fairfield, Connecticut police when it wandered too close to the Merritt Parkway. DEP annual bear surveys began in 2001. [ [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=326044&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Moose" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] The greatest danger to people from mooses is car collisions. [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=325992&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Coyotes" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] The state Department of Environmental Protection estimates there are 2,000 to 4,000 in the state as of 2007. ""'Whales (Order "Cetacea", Family "Delphinidae")* Long-finned pilot whale ("Globicephala melas") — occasionally enters Long Island Sound; it rarely washes up on the shore in Connecticut. DEP annual bear surveys began in 2001. Unlike deer, moose that feel threatened tend to stand their ground.Stelloh, Tim, "DEP forecasts more moose-car collisions: Official expects animal population to increase across the state"," The Advocate" of Stamford, Connecticut, October 14, 2007, pp 1, A6] Moose are thought to be entering the state from the north. Otherwise, DEP officials will usually try to tranquilize the animal or harass them into a nearby woods (sometimes by banging on pots or forming a line to try to scare the animal away). Then What? The deer have devastated species of plants once abundant on the Audubon group's land and ravaged low-lying vegetation, including hickory and hemlock saplings. Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) — the most frequently seen mammal in Connecticut and the largest squirrel found in the state. In June 2007, a 500-pound bull moose collided head-on with a driver on the Merritt Parkway near Exit 37 in Stamford, Connecticut. In 1907 the state allowed landowners to shoot deer causing crop damage.l In 1974, the state passed its first deer management act and regular, licensed deer hunting began the next year. Split page, species info on the left, room for notes on the right. In the 1970s the price of bobcat pelts rose so much that state officials became concerned they would be overharvested and reclassified the bobcat as a protected furbearer, with no hunting or trapping seasons. Some once-abundant species in the area were completely absent as of late 2007, according to an Audubon official.MooseMoose ("Alces alces") — have become more prevalent in Connecticut in recent years, with the first documented reproduction (a female and two calves) found in 2000, and an estimated 100 in the state as of 2007. Deer were nearly eliminated from the state by the end of the nineteenth century, with fewer than 20 in all of Connecticut, although they were on the rebound by that point, in part due to state regulations to protect them. Historically, there have been reports of large migrations of squirrels, including one in 1933 involving at least 1,000 gray squirrels swimming across the Connecticut River between Hartford and Essex. From 1995 to 2006, there was an average of one collision a year of a moose and an automobile across the state, but in the first half of 2007, there were four. (According to an estimate in "Connecticut Wildlife", published in 2004, "Winter density ranges up to about 40 per square mile in southwestern Connecticut, with a statewide mean of 21 per square mile. In 1941, George Goodwin, assistant curator of mammals at the American Museum of Natural History, in New York City, found one in Westbrook, Connecticut at the edge of a saltgrass meadow. "**"Never attempt to feed or attract bears. A few days later, a 500-pound female was short and killed in Waterbury when it approached a highway entrance ramp. [ [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=325974&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Bobcat" at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] A rabid bobcat attacked a man in Plainville, Connecticut in 2003, but the incident is regarded as a rare, freak occurrence. Otherwise, DEP officials will usually try to tranquilize the animal or harass them into a nearby woods (sometimes by banging on pots or forming a line to try to scare the animal away). In 1941, George Goodwin, assistant curator of mammals at the American Museum of Natural History, in New York City, found one in Westbrook, Connecticut at the edge of a saltgrass meadow. Other threats are pesticides and pollutants contaminating food and habitat. It is unknown whether or not the burgeoning coyote population has resulted in a decline in bobcats, however. DEP annual bear surveys began in 2001. DEP annual bear surveys began in 2001. Limited food supply probably causes these migrations, although the exact causes are unknown. From 1989 to 1991, they were reintroduced from New Hampshire and by 2004 were established in northern Connecticut. Other factors are the mixture of young and mature forests, milder winters, and fewer predators. The DEP asks people who see bears in Connecticut to do the following:**"Enjoy it from a distance. Then What? Historically, there have been reports of large migrations of squirrels, including one in 1933 involving at least 1,000 gray squirrels swimming across the Connecticut River between Hartford and Essex. Bears that persistently kill livestock, enter buildings or demonstrate similarly problematic behavior may be killed under state policy. From 1989 to 1991, they were reintroduced from New Hampshire and by 2004 were established in northern Connecticut. ")Connecticut has several problems associated with its large deer population:* Motor vehicle accidents: State Farm Insurance estimates that more than 10,000 deer in Connecticut are hit by cars each year.Schweber, Nate, "Car Hits Deer. Otherwise, DEP officials will usually try to tranquilize the animal or harass them into a nearby woods (sometimes by banging on pots or forming a line to try to scare the animal away). Benson, Judy, "State biologists keep track of bear population", article originally published by "Hartford Courant"; distributed by the Associated Press; article found in "The Advocate" of Stamford, Connecticut, March 23, 2008, p A14] they were extirpated from the state by 1840, but the DEP had hard evidence of a resident population in the 1980s. Local police are authorized to kill the animals if they pose a threat to public safety, which in practice almost only means that the animal is getting too close to a highway. From 1992 to 1998, two or three moose sightings were reported each year to the state Department of Environmental Protection, generally in the spring and fall. From 1989 to 1991, they were reintroduced from New Hampshire and by 2004 were established in northern Connecticut. Even before Connecticut was settled by Europeans, the moose population was never large, according to the DEP. In 2007 they were sighted as far south as North Stamford in the extreme southwest corner of the state (they have also been seen increasingly in Rhode Island.Fact|date=December 2007* Striped skunk ("Mephitis mephitis") — common in the state and in various habitatsCats (Order "Carnivora", Family "Felidae")* Bobcat ("Felis rufus") — They favor thickets and patchy woods in the least-developed areas of the state, especially in the northwest highlands of Connecticut; they normally are scarce where coyotes are more prevalent. Other factors are the mixture of young and mature forests, milder winters, and fewer predators. Other factors are the mixture of young and mature forests, milder winters, and fewer predators. [Desmarais, Paul, "Photo Journal: Wilds of Suburbia" photograph (of an Eastern cottontail rabbit) with long caption, "The Advocate" of Stamford, Connecticut, October 2, 2007, page A11, Norwalk edition, caption states: "Sources: Nature Works (a Web site), Texas Tech University's online guide and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection"] The species originally came from the south. In Massachusetts, three or four moose are hit by trains each year and about 15 motor vehicle collisions with the animals occur, although in some years there have been as many as 50. From 1992 to 1998, two or three moose sightings were reported each year to the state Department of Environmental Protection, generally in the spring and fall. The mammals featured are: American Beaver American Black Bear American Mink Big Brown Bat Bobcat Coyote Deer … Population density is normally no more than one fisher per several hundred acres. From 1995 to 2006, there was an average of one collision a year of a moose and an automobile across the state, but in the first half of 2007, there were four. There is no hunting season for bears in the state. State Geological and Natural History Survey, Hartford, Connecticut, 1935. [http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=325968&depNav_GID=1655] Web page titled "Black Bear> at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Web site, retrieved December 30, 2007] Since then sightings have increased dramatically. According to one estimate, the county has 59 per square mile, more than double the density in the rest of the state, according to the state Department of Environmental Protection. Then What? Unlike deer, moose that feel threatened tend to stand their ground.Stelloh, Tim, "DEP forecasts more moose-car collisions: Official expects animal population to increase across the state"," The Advocate" of Stamford, Connecticut, October 14, 2007, pp 1, A6] Moose are thought to be entering the state from the north. ""'Raccoons and relatives (Order "Carnivora", Family "Procyonidae")* Raccoon ("Procyon lotor") — found near lakes, ponds, marshes and streams; a rabies epidemic devastated the population in the state in the earlhy 1990s, killing as much as 75 percent of the population; raccoon rabies still remains in Connecticut, with about 200 cases a year as of 2004, and including skunk and cat infections as well as raccoons; rabies cases should be reported to police or animal control officialsWeasels, Otters, and Skunks (Order "Carnivora", Families "Mustelidae", "Mephitidae")* River otter ("Lontra canadensis") — previously scarce, but now somewhat common in the state; found in many lakes and large ponds* Mink ("Mustela vison") — rather common in streams, ponds, lakes and marshes; large minks are now extinct but may have lived along the coast of the state in the nineteenth century* Long-tailed weasel ("Mustela frenata") — Like the ermine (or "short-tailed weasel"), fairly common in woods and thickets and near stone walls; especially near rivers and streams* Ermine or Short-tailed weasel ("Mustela erminea") — Like the Long-tailed weasel, fairly common in woods and thickets and near stone walls; especially near rivers and streams * American marten ("Martes americana") — one recent (as of 2004) road-kill in New Hartford, Connecticut (in the north-central to northwest part of the state) was the first certain evidence that the species occurs in Connecticut* Fisher (animal) ("Martes pennanti") — Fishers live in large, thickly wooded forests; the species was extirpated from southern New England when forests were cleared and was absent for more than a century. 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