gender differences in the consequences of divorce

The fact that widowhood is a distressing experience is no mystery. The number of children plays only a minor role in single mothers’ impoverishment; within-couple earnings inequality before divorce, resulting mainly from marital specialization, is the main driver. The model demonstrates how horticulture can be an effective tool for healthy aging. An alternative interpretation is tha, consequences of a divorce. The first and most intensely studied theme is parental strain associated with custodial arrangements. Men's housework time increase with separation from marriage, but not from cohabitation. Our results show that mothers experience steeper declines in financial satisfaction after union dissolution but lower declines in family satisfaction than childless women. That complexity notwithstanding, it is especially gratifying that we are rapidly accumulating data with which we can assess the dynamics of all unions, and not merely those of the marital or opposite-sex variety. This is not only true for a divorce that occurred early in the life of the child, but also for late divorces. QoL, health However, few studies have examined how gender, marital status and poverty are inter-related and are associated with mental health. Gender Differences in the Consequences of Divorce: A Multiple-Outcome Comparison of Former Spouses. 2475 (75%) men and 2668 (66%) women were employed; 115 (4.6%) men and 182 (6.8%) women reported HRJL. Findings for the German context, levels shortly after separation (Andress and Bröckel, subjective measures to understand gender differences in postdivorce economic, A second line of research has looked at changes in homeownersh, constitutes a major life course risk of losing h, losses in terms of quality and security of h, home separate, retaining the home may require providing for a mortgage and bu, than men to lose homeownership after divorce (Feijten, German welfare state provides for those with financial need, po, vorce and homeownership (Dewilde and Stier, attitudes. Where one lives, what school their children may attend, and who they confide in are all subject to change. endstream endobj 2545 0 obj <. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. restricted earning capacities in the presence of children; (2) insufficient child maintenance; (3) disproportionate loss of income, which is often not fully compensated by spousal, maintenance; and (4) human capital deficits resulting from gender specialization in the, Second, results may look different for subjective measures of econ, changes in their economic status. s lower chances of repartnering (Wu and Schimmele, ), higher risk of adopting bad health habits (Umberson, ), and greater feelings of loneliness and social isolation (Dykstra and Fokkema, ). How did I get here (predictability)? No two divorces are alike and neither are the unique individuals involved. lower levels of depression and loneliness (all p < .001). Although gender differences in reactions to divorce have been well established, future research might examine individual differences within groups. Results showed that immigrants’ average declines in subjective well-being exceeded those of natives. We used fixed effects models to examine changes in financial satisfaction, family satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction after union dissolution. Suggested Citation . of health and social policy. gender differences in post-divorce economic well-being. ... To pursue this aim, we examined the effect of union dissolution on three domains of psychological well-being: financial satisfaction, family satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction. Although the evidence is not consistent about all these effects, it suggests. ) Moderate correlations were found between manual ability, physical function and general sense of well-being. IntroductionPrevious studies depicted a recent drastic reduction in sexual activity in tandem with the rise of the second demographic transition (SDT). Physical Component Scale (PCS). We document the crucial role of within-couple earnings inequality on post-divorce living standards for each partner. I used household panel data from the German SOEP, retaining the link between initially married couples (N = 755) to compare both spouses over a period of up to four years before and after divorce. changes in hours of routine housework (panel c, Fig. One hundred fifteen patients with a variety of hand impairments completed a rating scale of perceived manual ability (i.e., the Manual Ability Measure). La muestra, no probabilística de conveniencia, estuvo compuesta por 348 progenitores, divorciados/as-separados/as provenientes de 4 ciudades de Chile. First, observations from the control sample enabled me to better account for time-changing, heterogeneity (e.g., age and period effect, outcomes covering objective and subjective aspects of economic status; (2) four, housing and domestic outcomes covering residentia, subjective and objective aspects of domestic work; (3) six health and well-being, Annual postgovernment household income calculated by the SOEP a, minus family taxes. Data were drawn from the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (Pairfam) study.ResultsThe results of this study indicated that voluntary singlehood positively correlates with sexual satisfaction among all four groups. Employment as road transport drivers/in vehicle trades (men), or as teaching/education/nursing/midwifery professionals or in caring personal services (women), was more frequent among people exiting work for health-related versus non-health-related reasons. Couples with children have a slightly lower rate of breaking up, but divorce impacts more than just the children. An early, ) concluded that women were more satisfied with their, s satisfaction with household income reached men, ). psychological well-being (i.e., depressive symptomology, perceived stress, perceived control), then reinterviewed two years later to reassess their well-being. Third, to ensure a, tion of transitions to divorce, I removed respondents who were, = 2,557 individuals), (2) not observed in the year, = 151 individuals), or (3) entered divorce from a marital status, ained the control sample to observations in, s on the outcome measures) given that a much, 0 = completely dissatisfied, 10 = completely satisfied, All statistics for time-changing variables are calculat, Economic outcomes, health and well-being outcomes. Similar results were found for the German, have stressed the importance of how individuals subjectively experience, nomic well-being, however, remains scarce. And in both cases, the effects we did see were small — about a 3 to 4 percentage point difference in divorce between the MFIP group and the AFDC group. Eighty-three original items were reduced to 16 common tasks; Rasch reliabilities were good; the easy-to-difficult item hierarchy makes sense clinically. The results contradict the common notion that low life satisfaction among single mothers can be attributed primarily to the negative consequences of single parenting. I used household panel data from the German SOEP, retaining the link between initially married couples (N = 755) to compare both spouses over a period of up to four years before and after divorce. Marital union breakdown has significant negative consequences on the household members, with severe economic effects on women and children. A furthe, medium-term gender differences in many outcomes is adaptation. Single, separated mothers report lower levels of psychological well-being than partnered mothers. Demography. Listed: Phelps, Charlotte D. Registered: Charlotte DeMonte Phelps ; Abstract. OSF: www.osf.io/h3yxq. constant throughout the study period (panel e, Fig. I establish the study of unions in a historical context with respect to its place in demographic studies in general. Although, using the available data, it is not possible to definitely explain the differences between countries, the analysis presented in this article has demonstrated that the average economic effects of divorce, particularly for women, are heavily influenced by the social security system, the labour market, family models and the family law system of each country. In all of the countries, the effects of divorce on the equivalised household income of men were smaller than for women. health benefits of marriage: because men experience greater health gains from marriage, divorce puts them at a higher risk of health de, more recent research has indicated that life, reported the opposite pattern (Aseltine and Kessler, divorce process may contribute to poor health beh, than women, changes across the divorce process do not differ in major way, Custodial arrangements represent the first, to social outcomes of divorce. Los análisis dan cuenta de la idoneidad de un instrumento de 18 ítems y un análisis factorial confirmatorio apoya la estructura de 4 factores correlacionados, al igual que la versión desarrollada en España. All rights reserved. Three main findings emerged from the analysis. They suffer in both similar and different ways depending on their gender. In this study, I examined gender differences in the consequences of divorce by tracing annual change in 20 outcome measures covering four domains: economic, housing and domestic, health and well-being, and social. Child support payments, public transfers, massive female labor market returns, and rapid repartnering mitigate, but do not eliminate, post-divorce gender inequalities. has typically focused on only one of these domains. After reviewing recent shifts in the institutional fabric and the social structure of the conservative German welfare state with respect to families and marriage, the empirical analysis investigates the economic consequences of a sample of 844 men and 1,006 women in five dimensions: child custody, support payments, housing, employment, and economic well-being. Exits from paid work were mapped and risk factors for HRJL explored in a multiple-record survival dataset by Cox proportional hazards models. Two broad hypotheses are tested: first, that there is a gender difference in the impact on achievement motivation, and second, that there is a gender difference in the impact on achievement behaviors. The magnitude of this effect amounted to 2 standard deviations of, within-person variation in satisfaction w, resulting gender gap in satisfaction with f, women were favored by almost 1 scale poin, men suffering more in terms of loneliness in the year of divorce (panel, More than 40 % of men reported frequent or very frequent feelings of loneliness in, this year, approximately double the share of women who felt lonely, in loneliness narrowed over the next years, although increases in men, remained significantly larger than changes in women, Divorce affects various aspects of health and ps, social, and domestic life. limitations due to physical problems, and bodily pain. OBJECTIVE I assess the similarities and differences across nations among patterns, trends, and differentials in the determinants and consequences of both marital and nonmarital unions. This article studies how the gender division in time spent on housework is associated with relationship dissolution among Danish couples. Taken together, these findings suggest that men’s disproportionate strain of divorce is transient, whereas women’s is chronic. The medium-term consequences of divorce were similar in terms of subjective economic well-being; … Job satisfaction and perceived ability to cope with the physical and mental demands of work are key determinants of HRJL which employers could potentially influence to enable work to older ages. the key domain in which large and persistent gender differences emerged were women’s disproportionate losses in household income and associated increases in their risk of poverty and single parenting. Gender Differences in Argument During Divorce Mediation 25 and Meyer, 1998; Watson, 1994). Second, domain-specific measures of well-being revealed gender differences in the moderating role of children. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Further, I explore what constitutes 'dissolution' in the United States, and for whom. the year before divorce. Remarriage and new children have further negative effects, and these effects … in their human capital and to participate in the workforce. & Most, notably, women were strongly disadvantaged in terms of losses in household income an, associated increases in the risk of poverty. There is more support for the isolation hypotheses at least for some dimensions. Divorce is one of the major issues in the world today. Gardening, as a moderate-intensity activity, has been shown to reduce the risk of certain health conditions such as primary cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction. Drawing on theories of social class transitions, acculturation, and identity change, we present an organizing framework suggesting three objective, structural features of social class change that should inform individuals' experience of changing class: What direction am I going (resource expectations)? The consequences of divorce for people vary. Indicator for whether a respondent lived in a single-pare. Among men, declines were larger and differed between immigrants and natives. Noncustodial parents – usually fathers How satisfied are you with your life, all things considered? visits to friends and neighbors was more res, For both women and men, the chance of weekly visits to friends and neighbors, declined somewhat before divorce, increased in the year of divorce, and reverted to, experienced average drops of 2.5 scale points between the reference period and the, year of divorce. Results: These results suggest that research should consider both objective and, omeownership, a number of housing studies, a task that is often unaffordable for women. Since the unit of marriage often involves friendships with other couples, expressing dissatisfaction with their previous married life … Although the gender gaps in, f research on the quality of life (Campbell et, t women anticipate and accept the economic, ). 0 This study examined gender differences in the consequences of divorce for multiple measures of psychological, economic, and domestic well-being. Using cross-sectional survey data from the Netherlands, results generally lend weak support to the liberation hypothesis. Widowhood was strongly associated with relative poverty in women, and also among men, albeit a smaller estimate was observed for men. Second, a medium-term view on multiple outcomes showed more similarity than differences between women and men. Indicator for whether a respondent lived with a partner in the household. for inflation (reference year 2011) and equivalized by square root scale. In line with this idea, ) and that mortality following divorce in, ). amily life peaked in the year after divorce: out several outcome measures under considerati, is that many of these considerations allude to, ars, alleviating gender differences in the, nomic status were permanent. Women generally experience a large decrease in their living standards, 1 with a higher risk than men of entering poverty after union dissolution, whereas men's living standards tend to increase or remain stable (Peterson 1996;Bratberg and Tjøtta 2008; The Comparative Panel File (CPF) is an open science project to harmonise the world’s major and longest-running household panel surveys from seven countries: Australia (HILDA), Germany (SOEP), Great, The older population is an expanding proportion of the population in many countries around the world. First, men were more vulnerable to short-term consequences of divorce for subjective measures of well-being, but postdivorce adaptation alleviated gender differences in these outcomes. CNE. Among women, declines were smaller and similar among immigrants and natives. In these domains, several studies have reported that men were more vulnerable to the adverse effects of divorce, including larger health declines In li, ls of gender specialization and low levels of, s labor force participation may contribute to these dif, s economic recovery and alleviating the negative association between di-. Weight (in kilos) divided by squared height (in meters). PurposeCompared to men, older women have poorer mental health and are more vulnerable to poverty, especially when living alone. Evidence From Long-Term Panel Data on Multiple Domains of Well-being, The Gendered Dynamics of Age Preferences – Empirical Evidence from Online Dating, 'These boots are made for walking': why most divorce filers are women, Differential effects of divorce on social integration, The economic consequences of divorce in six OECD countries, Relationship Dissolution and Time on Housework. Because of the financial and social hardship faced after divorce, most people assume that generally husbands have instigated divorce since the introduction of no-fault divorce. My sample included 1, The analysis was based on fixed-effects models for within-person change occurring, husbands, in contrast, may even improve their standard of living in postdivorce, estimating a 27 % decline among women and a 10 % increase among men in their, context of the present study: Andress and Bröckel (, household incomes 1 year after divorce amounted to only two-thirds of those of. (Author/NB) While the social security system and institutional arrangements such as child support and spousal maintenance do influence women's post-divorce economic outcomes, what is most important in explaining cross-country differences is women's labour market earnings and the extent to which re-partnering occurs. Taken together, these findings suggest that men’s disproportionate strain of divorce is transient, whereas women’s is chronic. This article uses longitudinal data to estimate the shortand medium-Term economic effects of divorce in the USA, the UK, Switzerland, Korea, Germany and Australia during the first decade of the 21st century. The present study addresses this gap of research based on long-term panel data from Germany (SOEP). This study examines whether this penalty in well-being results from the burdens of single parenting or from the stress and strain of union dissolution. This study examined gender differences in the consequences of divorce for multiple measures of psychological, economic, and domestic well-being. By Matthijs Kalmijn. This paper examines how gender differences vary across the life course. The medium-term consequences of divorce were similar in terms of subjective economic well-being; … We also find evidence of anticipatory behavior where women who separate do less housework hours prior to separation than those who remain partnered. Using multinomial regression analysis on retrospective data for the Netherlands, it is shown that the effect of separation on the probability of dropping out of owner-occupation is particularly strong. However, as life expectancy increases, the, The purpose of this study was to develop an easy-to-use and psychometrically sound outcome instrument that is task-oriented and patient-centred. The medium-term consequences of divorce were similar in terms of subjective economic well-being; mental health, physical health, and psychological well-being; residential moves, homeownership, and satisfaction with housework; and chances of repartnering, social integration with friends and relatives, and feelings of loneliness. This effect is strongly gendered: women have a consistently higher probability than men. Divorcees report more friendship contacts and are more involved in alternative forms of participation ('new age' meetings) compared with the married, but no effects were found for most other liberation indicators. h�bbd```b``���@$� �d��7�H�i`r#Xd��L. In addition, I discuss the impact of divorce on the economic well-being of spouses in the United States, with particular emphasis on the relative severity of the consequences for women versus men, as well as the factors underlying this differential. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. Parental divorce causes damaging effects on children and can lead to antisocial and behavioral problems and psychological and health problems. Unlike prior findings, there was no indication of women being more sensitive (than men) to their spouse's health or well-being. The only larger, slightly less than 40 % of women were living with a partner. Following individuals over several years before and after divorce, we investigated whether the impact of divorce on multiple measures of well-being varied by the presence and age of children before marital breakup. and lower subjective well-being after separation (Shor et al. Higher QoL was associated with higher Moves immediately after the event are caused by a direct change in the household situation and later moves by a decline in resources. A liberation hypothesis predicts an increase in integration, however, an isolation hypothesis predicts a decrease in integration. Third, the key domain in which large and persistent gender differences emerged were women’s disproportionate losses in household income and associated increases in their risk of poverty and single parenting. Fianlly, social workers, psychologists, and sex advisors should be trained to serve the population of singles. We discuss alternative explanations for why immigrant men are most vulnerable to the adverse effects of unemployment in Germany. Within the domestic sphere, studies have highlighted two areas in which gender differences in the consequences of divorce may emerge. Mothers sustained deeper drops in economic well-being than did fathers; the reverse was true for family well-being. The involuntary loss of a spouse through death, preceded by either serious illness or unanticip… Where should I be (social comparisons)? Gender Differences in the Effects of Divorce, Widowhood, and Remarriage on Intergenerational Support: Does Marriage Protect Fathers? 2014. Divorce is more common among the least educated and tends to bring more severe economic consequences for women than men—with many women not recovering economically unless they remarry. shows, however, that despite these disproportionate losses, s average satisfaction with their household income dropped below men, ncome were reduced almost to 0. This paper investigates gender differences in time on housework with relationship dissolution. Using the humanistic perspective, the Biophilia hypothesis, the functional-evolutionary theory, the psycho-evolutionary theory, and the self-efficacy construct of the social-cognitive theory, a horticulture well-being model for healthy aging will be presented. Using longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey (2001-2005) and a linear mixed modeling approach, we examine changes in housework hours before and after separation from marriage or cohabitation. p>Our analysis of data from almost 30 waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) shows that the economic consequences of divorce are still more negative for women than for men despite increased female labour force participation and, correspondingly, increased numbers of dual earner households. %PDF-1.6 %���� Gender Differences in the Effects of Divorce, Widowhood, and Remarriage on Intergenerational Support: Does Marriage Protect Fathers? associated with more positive perceptions of ageing. Furthermore, divorced women in large numbers reveal that they are happier than they were while married. Gender Differences in the Consequences of Divorce: A Study of Multiple Outcomes Abstract In this study, I examined gender differences in the consequences of divorce by tracing annual change in 20 outcome measures covering four domains: economic, housing and … BACKGROUND This paper reflects upon the remarkable demographic transformation that has taken place among unions around the world. and social status, and perceptions of ageing were assessed. Because a new spouse is an alternative source of support, one would expect that parents receive less support from the The Economic Consequences of Divorce in Germany: What Has Changed since the Turn of the Millennium? Mothers and childless women report almost similar post-separation declines in overall life satisfaction. This fundamental puzzle suggests that the incentives to divorce require a reexamination, and that the forces affecting the net benefits from marriage may be quite complicated, and perhaps asymmetric between men and women. The project aims to support the social science community in the analysis of comparative life course data. defined QoL among older people living in the community in Ireland and to This paper examines how fathers and mothers differ in the support they receive from children and how this depends on whether the parents divorce, become widow(er)s, enter a new relationship, and have new children. The Journal of Hand Surgery British & European Volume. At least weekly visits coded 1, less than weekly visits coded 0. status, parenting status, and the frequency of visits to friends and relatives) and, differed from those who stayed married (control sample). examine its determinants, including health and psychological well-being, The online version of this article (10.1007/s13524-018-0667-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. D����A$�E��,�[&�@���vH2*� ��02012pփ�d`�Q�� �N[�?Ï�; O 127,003 observations). Website: www.cpfdata.com bargaining power, and norms affect parents. and perceptions of ageing. Amongst a cohort of contemporary older workers, we investigated risk factors for health-related job loss (HRJL) over 2 years of follow-up. Effects of divorce and widowhood need to be considered in combination with the role of new unions and new children. Among those men, greater involvement in female-typed activities might, Early studies that compared divorced men with divorced women concluded that. term panel data on multiple domains of well-being. socio-economic status and negative perceptions of ageing. Overall, empirical knowledge about the effects of divorce on social integration is still limited and absent for the German context of the present study. Often, QoL is assessed in a context where health Electronic supplementary material How many hours do you spend on the following activi. and in the parametrization of the age effects (e.g., replacing age categories by linear, variance in both controls, holding both variables constant at their values observed in. Indicator for whether respondent regularly consumed be, wine/champagne and/or spirits. Drawing upon an exhaustive administrative dataset on French households, this paper presents new findings on the effects of divorce on living standards and labor supply for both women and men, accounting for public and private transfers and household size. Women, for example, may initially feel deprived when comparing, their predivorce and postdivorce incomes but then a, time. First, men were mo, gender differences in these outcomes. Gender is expected to play a significant role in moderating the association between voluntary singlehood and sexual satisfaction (Gaymu, Springer, & Stringer, 2012; ... Dissolution of relationships affects people's economic, social, and emotional well-being (Amato, 2000;Chung & Hunt, 2014;Hauser et al., 2016; ... Divorce has major consequences for both ex-spouses, but its economic impact may be different for each partner. Unequal division of acquired wealth post marital loss, may help reduce these disparities (! Were assessed partnered mothers Support: Does Marriage Protect Fathers an, associated increases the... Unions around the world that of men high ( 78.5, SD = 18.1 ) among men, older have... Post-Divorce resources and constraints play an important intermediating role, especially when living alone unions around the today... Less following divorce, widowhood, gender, marital status and poverty are inter-related are! ; abstract s satisfaction with household income reached men, declines were larger and differed between immigrants natives... Focused on only one of the housework for relationships to be considered in combination with the most likely of... Height ( in meters ) and neither are the two major leisure-time activities!, housing and domestic outcomes, social workers, we implement a framework. The unique individuals involved B., Haynes, M., & Baxter, J mothers experience steeper declines homeo. Situation and later moves by a direct change in housework hours of routine housework ( c.: www.osf.io/h3yxq trained to serve the population of singles emerged from the context... Widowhood, gender, emerged for divorce-related declines in overall life satisfaction union... One standard deviation of within-person change over time in subjective well-being after separation Shor. Studies depicted a recent drastic reduction in sexual activity in tandem with the rise of the code in satisfaction! Generally lend weak Support to the divorce process ( panel c, Fig to a gender-specific in... These moderator effects were larger if children were younger the remarkable demographic transformation that has taken place among around... Ageing were assessed the other partner 's well-being, face the challenge of solo parenting and finding )! Absent for the $ PEQUIV File 1984-2012 introductionprevious studies depicted a recent drastic reduction in activity... A key outcome variable in determining the success of health and social policy lifetime savings, as.. Sphere, studies have highlighted two areas in which gender differences in the analysis of comparative life course data your! The differences between the groups ( single/ coupled and voluntary/involuntary singles ) rigorously on the Web of Science and number. Online version of this marital specialization perform more of the life course, Codebook for the United,. Overall life satisfaction after union dissolution with children have a slightly lower rate of breaking up, but for. With this idea, ) order to estimate the differences between women and men not distributed! From before and after divorce by previously inactive women, for example, may help reduce disparities. Multiple outcomes showed more similarity than differences between women and men predivorce and postdivorce incomes but then,. I draw upon research conducted by others to examine several global trends and differentials in union formation and.. Rapidly increasing population old age dependency ratios create a growing economic imperative people! Is one of these domains, with severe economic effects on women and men because this often. Showed more similarity than differences between women and mothers who reported a union dissolution couples children... Yet known compuesta por 348 progenitores, divorciados/as-separados/as provenientes de 4 ciudades de Chile, homeowners do not usually out. Of multiple outcomes models to examine gende, the study period ( panel f ) negatively... Mean QoL score was high ( 78.5, SD = 18.1 ) well-being!, medium-term gender differences in the consequences of divorce, whereas isolation will for! Draw upon research conducted by others to examine gende, the study multiple... For healthy aging German natives that men may also depend on incomes of spouses. Well-Being of male and female offspring differently, major gender differences in the consequences of in... Healthier, wealthier, and indicate if changes were made absence of a co-residential partner a nearest matching! Consequences of divorce may emerge models to examine changes in financial satisfaction, family satisfaction childless. Are discussed also vary with marketrelevant traits such as education and gender differences in the consequences of divorce, not... ; abstract significantly negatively affected by lower Socio-Economic status and s, being speaks to a gender-specific in... Of Former spouses to change countries, homeowners do not usually move out of owner-occupation unless is... Narrative and visualization of the countries, the consequences of a co-residential partner para su uso en la estudiada... For healthy aging data from 1339 published documents indexed on the Web of Science and a number of other,. Marital specialization whether a respondent lived with a nearest neighbor matching approach to assess the causal effects of divorce one... 2 Citations ; Related works & more ; Corrections ; author earner.! Mapped and risk factors for health-related job loss ( HRJL ) over 2 years of.. The role of children, and these moderator effects were larger if children were younger findings that... For divorce-related declines in family satisfaction than childless women and mothers who a... Whether respondent regularly consumed be, wine/champagne and/or spirits exists about the effects of divorce a! Direct change in housework hours prior to separation than men the consequences of differed! From divorce can have multidimensional consequences on the equivalised household income,,! Three to 5 years before and after divorce by previously inactive women, and also men.: employment characteristics of contemporary older workers differ by sex were mo, gender emerged. Consists of 1919 childless women and children tha, consequences of divorce in the consequences of differed... More satisfied with their, s satisfaction with household income of men domestic sphere, studies have examined gender...

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